Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline (PANI)
Keywords:
PANI, SEM, XRD, FTIRAbstract
Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most extensively studied conducting polymers due to its ease of synthesis, environmental stability, low cost, and tunable electrical properties. In this research, polyaniline was successfully synthesized through the chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using ammonium persulfate as the oxidizing agent in an acidic medium. The synthesis was carried out under controlled conditions to obtain high-yield emeraldine salt polyaniline. The structural, morphological, and electrical properties of the synthesized polyaniline were systematically characterized using various analytical techniques. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to confirm the formation of characteristic benzenoid and quinoid structures of polyaniline. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the semi-crystalline nature of the polymer. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed an irregular granular morphology with interconnected networks, which is favorable for charge transport. UV–Visible spectroscopy indicated the presence of polaron and bipolaron transitions, confirming the conductive form of polyaniline. Electrical conductivity measurements demonstrated that the synthesized PANI exhibits significant conductivity enhancement upon protonation. The results indicate that the synthesized polyaniline possesses desirable structural and electrical properties, making it a promising material for applications in sensors, anticorrosion coatings, energy storage devices, and electronic components.
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