Impact of Climate change in Agricultural Water Resources and Crop Production- Review
Keywords:
Sustainable agriculture, water management, irrigation efficiency, climate resilience, water conservation, groundwater depletion, water security, precision irrigationAbstract
Water is a critical input for agricultural production; however, increasing climatic variability, population pressure, and unsustainable agricultural practices are severely constraining its availability and quality. Recent studies highlight that the agriculture–water nexus lies at the center of global sustainability challenges, particularly in regions facing water scarcity and ecosystem degradation. This review examines the dynamic interrelationship between agriculture and water resources, emphasizing sustainable strategies designed to enhance water-use efficiency, soil moisture management, and ecological resilience. Emerging solutions such as precision irrigation, rainwater harvesting, soil moisture conservation, and the safe reuse of treated wastewater have demonstrated significant potential for improving irrigation efficiency and ensuring long-term soil health. The review also assesses the adverse impacts of agricultural water use on groundwater depletion, agrochemical contamination, and declining water productivity, linking these to broader issues of food and environmental security. Integrating hydrological modeling, agronomic innovations, and adaptive policy frameworks offers a pathway toward achieving water-smart agricultural systems capable of sustaining productivity while minimizing environmental footprints. Ultimately, this paper underscores the need for multidisciplinary and data-driven approaches that align agricultural intensification with water conservation and climate adaptation goals, particularly in water-stressed and climate-vulnerable regions.
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